Fard or its synonym wajib is one of the five types of Ahkam into which Fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim. The Hanafi Fiqh however makes a distinction between Wajib and Fard, the latter being obligatory and the former merely necessary.^[1][2] In Indonesian, wajib also means obligatory, since the word is derived from Arabic.

The Fiqh distinguishes two sorts of duties:

·   Individual duty or fard al-ayn (Arabic: الفرض العين‎) relates to tasks every Muslim is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salah), hijab, or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj).

·    Sufficiency duty or fard al-kifaya (Arabic: الفرض الكفاية‎) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (ummah). The classic example for it is janaza: the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfil it.

Haram
 (Arabic ‎ ḥarām) (often haram) is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden", or "sacred". In Islam it is used to refer to anything that is prohibited by the word of Allah (God) in the Qur'an or the Hadith Qudsi. Haraam is the highest status of prohibition given to anything that would result in sin when a Muslim commits it. Its antonym is ḥalāl (allowed).

The religious term haraam, based on the Quran, is applied to:

·                    Actions, such as adultery, murder or homosexuality.

·                    Objects, such as Masjid al-Haram and Masjid al-Nabawi in context as two haram (stricted) mosque.

·                    Food and drinks, such as pork and alcohol

·                    Some halal objects, foods or actions that are normally halal but under some conditions become haram. For example halal food and drinks at noon-time during Ramadan, a cow or another halal animal that is not slaughtered under the way and the name of God.

Haraam has, over the years, accumulated additional non-traditional uses to it. In Arabic-speaking countries, saying "haraam" can mean, "what a shame" or "what a pity" (this meaning has been adopted by Modern Hebrew slang as well). This can be used formally or between friends. Children are commonly told not to mistreat other children or animals because it is 'haraam'.

Haraam also applies to ill-gotten wealth obtained through sin. Examples include money earned through cheating, stealing, corruption, murder and Interest or any means that involves harm to another human being. It is prohibited in Islam for a true Muslim to profit from such Haraam actions. Any believer who benefits from or lives off wealth obtained through Haraam is a sinner.

 

Makruh
In Islamic terminology, something which is makruh (Arabic مكروه, also transliterated makrouh, makrūh etc.) is a disliked or offensive act (literally "hated"). Though it is not haram (forbidden) and therefore not a sin, a person who abstains from this action will be rewarded. Muslims are encouraged to avoid such actions when possible. This is one of the degrees of approval (ahkam) in Islamic law.

An example of something makruh is the use of a great amount of water for the small and large ablutions, the ritual washings known as the wudu and ghusl.

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Mustahab
Mustahabb (Arabic مستحبّ, literally "recommended") is an Islamic term referring to recommended, favored or virtuous actions.

Mustahabb actions are those whose status of approval in Islamic law (ahkam) falls between mubah (neutral) and wajib (actions which must be performed). One definition is "duties recommended, but not essential; fulfilment of which is rewarded, though they may be neglected without punishment" (Reuben Levy, The Social Structure of Islam, p. 202). Synonyms of mustahabb can be masnun or mandub. The opposite of mustahabb is makruh.

 

(Arabic مباح) is an Islamic Arabic term denoting an action as neither forbidden nor recommended, and so religiously neutral. This is one of the degrees of approval (ahkam) in Islamic law.